Define a first implementation of Kaitai parsing.

1 files changed, 2474 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tests/plugins/kaitai.py b/tests/plugins/kaitai.py
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+++ b/tests/plugins/kaitai.py
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+#!/usr/bin/python3-dbg
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+import locale
+
+from chrysacase import ChrysalideTestCase
+from pychrysalide.analysis.contents import MemoryContent
+from pychrysalide.plugins.kaitai.parsers import KaitaiStruct
+
+
+class TestKaitaiStruct(ChrysalideTestCase):
+    """TestCase for the KaitaiStruct parsing."""
+
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+
+        super(TestKaitaiStruct, cls).setUpClass()
+
+        cls.log('Setting locale suitable for floats...')
+
+        cls._old_locale = locale.getlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC)
+
+        locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, 'C')
+
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+
+        super(TestKaitaiStruct, cls).tearDownClass()
+
+        cls.log('Reverting locale...')
+
+        locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, cls._old_locale)
+
+
+
+    #################################
+    ### 4. Kaitai Struct language
+    #################################
+
+
+    def testKaitaiFixedLength(self):
+        """Load fixed-size structures."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.1. Fixed-size structures
+
+        definitions = '''
+meta:
+  id: mydesc
+  title: My Long Title
+  endian: be
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    type: u4
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        self.assertEqual(kstruct.meta.id, 'mydesc')
+        self.assertEqual(kstruct.meta.title, 'My Long Title')
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x03\x04')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.range.length, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.value, 0x01020304)
+
+        definitions = '''
+meta:
+  endian: le
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    type: u4
+  - id: field1
+    type: u4be
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        self.assertIsNone(kstruct.meta.id)
+        self.assertIsNone(kstruct.meta.title)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x03\x04\x01\x02\x03\x04')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.range.length, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.value, 0x04030201)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field1.range.length, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field1.value, 0x01020304)
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    type: u1
+  - id: field1
+    size: 2
+  - id: field2
+    size: field0 + 1
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.range.length, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.value, 0x01)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field1.range.length, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field1.truncated_bytes, b'\x02\x03')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field2.range.length, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field2.truncated_bytes, b'\x04\x05')
+
+
+    def testDocstrings(self):
+        """Handle Kaitai documentation."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.2. Docstrings
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: rating
+    type: s4
+    doc: Rating, can be negative
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x02\x04')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.rating.creator.doc, 'Rating, can be negative')
+
+
+    def testKaitaiContents(self):
+        """Read various forms of fixed content."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.3. Checking for "magic" signatures
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    contents: [ 0, 0x10, '22', "50 ]
+'''
+
+        # ValueError: Unable to create Kaitai structure.
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "Unable to create Kaitai structure"):
+            kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+            self.assertIsNotNone(kstruct)
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    contents: [ 0x41, 66, 'CD' ]
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'ABCD')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.range.length, 4)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.value, b'ABCD')
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    contents: ABCD
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'ABCD')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.range.length, 4)
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    contents: "ABCD"
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'ABCD')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.range.length, 4)
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    contents:
+      - 0x41
+      - "B"
+      - CD
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'ABCD')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.range.length, 4)
+
+
+    def testVariableLengthStructures(self):
+        """Parse variable-length structures."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.4. Variable-length structures
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: my_len
+    type: u1
+  - id: my_str
+    type: str
+    size: my_len
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x03ABC')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.my_len.value, 3)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.my_str.value, b'ABC')
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: my_len
+    type: u1
+  - id: my_str
+    type: str
+    size: my_len * 2
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x03ABCDEF')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.my_len.value, 3)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.my_str.value, b'ABCDEF')
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    size-eos: true
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x02\x03')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(content, parsed.content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.range.addr.phys, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.range.length, len(content.data))
+
+
+    def testDelimitedStructures(self):
+        """Parse delimited structures."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.5. Delimited structures
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: my_string
+    type: str
+    terminator: 0
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'ABC\x00DEF')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.my_string.value, b'ABC')
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: my_string
+    type: strz
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'ABC\x00DEF')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.my_string.value, b'ABC')
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: name
+    type: str
+    size: 8
+    terminator: 0
+  - id: guard
+    size: 1
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'ABC\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00x\x00')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.name.value, b'ABC')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.guard.value, b'x')
+
+
+    def __passed__testEnums(self):
+        """Parse delimited structures."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.6. Enums (named integer constants)
+
+        pass
+
+
+    def testSubTypes(self):
+        """Includes subtypes definitions."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.7. Substructures (subtypes)
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    type: custom_type
+  - id: field1
+    type: custom_type
+  - id: field2
+    type: custom_type
+types:
+  custom_type:
+    seq:
+      - id: len
+        type: u1
+      - id: value
+        size: len
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\xaa\x02\xbb\xbb\x03\xcc\xcc\xcc')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.len.value, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.value.truncated_bytes, b'\xaa')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field1.len.value, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field1.value.truncated_bytes, b'\xbb\xbb')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field2.len.value, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field2.value.truncated_bytes, b'\xcc\xcc\xcc')
+
+
+    def testOtherAttributesAccess(self):
+        """Access attributes in other types."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.8. Accessing attributes in other types
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: header
+    type: main_header
+  - id: body
+    size: header.body_len
+types:
+  main_header:
+    seq:
+      - id: magic
+        contents: FMT
+      - id: body_len
+        type: u1
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'FMT\x04\xaa\xbb\xcc\xdd')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.header.magic.raw_bytes, b'FMT')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.header.magic.range.length, 3)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.header.body_len.value, 4)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.body.raw_bytes, b'\xaa\xbb\xcc\xdd')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.body.range.length, 4)
+
+
+    def testConditionals(self):
+        """Read Kaitai values according to previous loaded values."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.9. Conditionals
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field1
+    type: u1
+  - id: field2
+    type: u1
+  - id: field3
+    type: u1
+    if: field1 + field2 > 10
+  - id: field4
+    type: u1
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x03\x04')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field1.value, 0x01)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field2.value, 0x02)
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(parsed, 'field3'))
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field4.value, 0x03)
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field1
+    type: u1
+  - id: field2
+    type: u1
+  - id: field3
+    type: u1
+    if: field1 + field2 > 1
+  - id: field4
+    type: u1
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x03\x04')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field1.value, 0x01)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field2.value, 0x02)
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(parsed, 'field3'))
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field4.value, 0x04)
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field1
+    type: u1
+  - id: field2
+    type: u1
+  - id: field3
+    type: u1
+    if: field1 + field2 == threshold::three
+  - id: field4
+    type: u1
+enums:
+  threshold:
+    1: one
+    2: two
+    3: three
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x03\x04')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field1.value, 0x01)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field2.value, 0x02)
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(parsed, 'field3'))
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field4.value, 0x04)
+
+
+    def testRepeatedReadUntilEOS(self):
+        """Read items until the end of the stream."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.10.1. Repeat until end of stream
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    type: u2be
+    repeat: eos
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x00\x02\x00\x03\x00\x04\x00')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(parsed.field0), len(content.data) / 2)
+
+        for i in range(4):
+            self.assertEqual(parsed.field0[i].value, (i + 1) << 8)
+
+
+    def testRepeatedReadAccordingToCounter(self):
+        """Repeat read of items for a nomber of times."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.10.2. Repeat for a number of times
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    type: u1
+  - id: field1
+    type: u1
+    repeat: expr
+    repeat-expr: 1
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x01')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.value, 0x01)
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(parsed.field1), 1)
+
+        for i in range(1):
+            self.assertEqual(parsed.field1[i].value, i + 1)
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    type: u1
+  - id: field1
+    type: u1
+  - id: field2
+    type: u2
+    repeat: expr
+    repeat-expr: field0 + field1
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x01\x00\x02\x00\x03\x00')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.value, 0x01)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field1.value, 0x02)
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(parsed.field2), 3)
+
+        for i in range(3):
+            self.assertEqual(parsed.field2[i].value, i + 1)
+
+
+    def testRepeatUntilConditionIsMet(self):
+        """Repeat until condition is met."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.10.3. Repeat until condition is met
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: numbers
+    type: u1
+    repeat: until
+    repeat-until: _ == 0xff
+  - id: extra
+    type: u1
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\xff\xcc')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(parsed.numbers), 3)
+
+        for i in range(2):
+            self.assertEqual(parsed.numbers[i].value, i + 1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.numbers[2].value, 0xff)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.extra.value, 0xcc)
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: records
+    type: buffer_with_len
+    repeat: until
+    repeat-until: _.len == 0
+types:
+  buffer_with_len:
+    seq:
+      - id: len
+        type: u1
+      - id: value
+        size: len
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x02\xaa\xaa\x01\xbb\x00')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.records[0].len.value, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.records[0].value.raw_bytes, b'\xaa\xaa')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.records[1].len.value, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.records[1].value.raw_bytes, b'\xbb')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.records[2].len.value, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.records[2].value.raw_bytes, b'')
+
+
+    def testParseTLVImplementation(self):
+        """Parse a typical TLV implementation."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.11. Typical TLV implementation (switching types on an expression)
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: record
+    type: rec_def
+    repeat: eos
+types:
+  rec_def:
+    seq:
+      - id: rec_type
+        type: u1
+      - id: len
+        type: u1
+      - id: body
+        size: len
+        type:
+          switch-on: rec_type
+          cases:
+            1: rec_type_1
+            2: rec_type_2
+  rec_type_1:
+    seq:
+      - id: field1
+        type: u1
+  rec_type_2:
+    seq:
+      - id: field2
+        type: u2
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x01\xaa\x02\x02\xcc\xbb')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(parsed.record), 2)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.record[0].rec_type.value, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.record[0].len.value, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.record[0].body.field1.value, 0xaa)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.record[1].rec_type.value, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.record[1].len.value, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.record[1].body.field2.value, 0xbbcc)
+
+
+    def testInstanceWithDataBeyondTheSequence(self):
+        """Build instances with data beyond the sequence."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.12. Instances: data beyond the sequence
+
+        definitions = '''
+instances:
+  some_integer:
+    pos: 0x4
+    type: u1
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.some_integer.value, 5)
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: file_offset
+    type: u1
+  - id: file_size
+    type: u1
+instances:
+  body:
+    pos: file_offset
+    size: file_size
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x04\x02\x90\x90ABCD')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.file_offset.value, 4)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.file_size.value, 2)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.body.value, b'AB')
+
+
+    def testValueInstances(self):
+        """Build value instances"""
+
+        # Cf. 4.13. Value instances
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: length
+    type: u1
+  - id: extra
+    type: u1
+instances:
+  length_extended:
+    value: length * 3 + extra
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x03\x04')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.length.value, 1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.extra.value, 2)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.length_extended.value, 5)
+
+
+    def testBitSizedIntegers(self):
+        """Read bit-sized integers."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.14. Bit-sized integers
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: packed_1
+    type: u1
+instances:
+  version:
+    value: (packed_1 & 0b11110000) >> 4
+  len_header:
+    value:  packed_1 & 0b00001111
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x9a')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.packed_1.value, 0x9a)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.version.value, 0x9)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.len_header.value, 0xa)
+
+
+    def __passed__testBitSizedIntegersBigEndian(self):
+        """Read bit-sized integers."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.14.1. Big-endian order
+
+        pass
+
+
+    def __passed__testBitSizedIntegersLittleEndian(self):
+        """Read bit-sized integers."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.14.2. Little-endian order
+
+        pass
+
+
+    def __passed__testBitSizedIntegersSpecifiedEndianness(self):
+        """Read bit-sized integers with specified bit endianness."""
+
+        # Cf. 4.14.3. Specifying bit endianness
+
+        pass
+
+
+
+    #################################
+    ### 5. Streams and substreams
+    #################################
+
+
+    def testTotalSizeLimit(self):
+        """Limit total size of structure."""
+
+        # Cf. 5.1. Limiting total size of structure
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: body_len
+    type: u1
+  - id: random
+    size: 2
+  - id: comment
+    size: body_len - 2
+  - id: extra
+    type: u1
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x05\x01\x02---\xbb')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.body_len.value, 0x05)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.random.raw_bytes, b'\x01\x02')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.comment.raw_bytes, b'---')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.extra.raw_bytes, b'\xbb')
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: body_len
+    type: u1
+  - id: body
+    type: record_body
+    size: body_len
+  - id: extra
+    type: u1
+types:
+  record_body:
+    seq:
+      - id: random
+        size: 2
+      - id: comment
+        size-eos: true
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x05\x01\x02---\xbb')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.body_len.value, 0x05)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.body.random.raw_bytes, b'\x01\x02')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.body.comment.raw_bytes, b'---')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.extra.raw_bytes, b'\xbb')
+
+
+    def testRepeatSizeLimit(self):
+        """Repeating until total size reaches limit."""
+
+        # Cf. 5.2. Repeating until total size reaches limit
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x03\x00\x01\x02\xbb')
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: total_len
+    type: u1
+  - id: files
+    type: file_entries
+    size: total_len
+  - id: extra
+    type: u1
+types:
+  file_entries:
+    seq:
+      - id: entries
+        type: entry
+        repeat: eos
+  entry:
+    seq:
+      - id: index
+        type: u1
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.total_len.value, 3)
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(parsed.files.entries), 3)
+
+        for i in range(3):
+            self.assertEqual(parsed.files.entries[i].index.value, i)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.extra.value, 0xbb)
+
+
+    def testRelativePositioning(self):
+        """Parse with relative positioning."""
+
+        # Cf. 5.3. Relative positioning
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\0xe\x0f')
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: some_header
+    size: 4
+  - id: body
+    type: block
+    size: 12
+types:
+  block:
+    seq:
+      - id: foo
+        type: u1
+    instances:
+      some_bytes_in_the_middle:
+        pos: 4
+        size: 4
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.some_header.value, b'\x00\x01\x02\x03')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.body.foo.value, 0x04)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.body.some_bytes_in_the_middle.value, b'\x08\x09\x0a\x0b')
+
+
+    def testAbsolutePositioning(self):
+        """Read from absolute position."""
+
+        # Cf. 5.4. Absolute positioning
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x06\x03\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x02\x03\xbb')
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: items
+    size: 10
+    type: entry
+    repeat: eos
+types:
+  entry:
+    seq:
+      - id: ofs_body
+        type: u1
+      - id: len_body
+        type: u1
+    instances:
+      body:
+        io: _root._io
+        pos: ofs_body
+        size: len_body
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.items[0].ofs_body.value, 6)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.items[0].len_body.value, 3)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.items[0].body.value, b'\x01\x02\x03')
+
+
+    def testSubstreamChoice(self):
+        """Choose a substream."""
+
+        # Cf. 5.5. Choosing a substream
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x02\x03')
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: global_header
+    size: 4
+  - id: block_one
+    type: big_container
+    size: 8
+  - id: block_two
+    type: smaller_container
+    size: 2
+types:
+  big_container:
+    seq:
+      - id: some_header
+        size: 8
+  smaller_container:
+    seq:
+      - id: ofs_in_big
+        type: u1
+      - id: len_in_big
+        type: u1
+    instances:
+      something_in_big:
+        io: _root.block_one._io
+        pos: ofs_in_big
+        size: len_in_big
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.block_two.ofs_in_big.value, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.block_two.len_in_big.value, 3)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.block_two.something_in_big.value, b'\x03\x04\x05')
+
+
+    def __passed__testContentPreProcessing(self):
+        """Process content before parsing."""
+
+        # Cf. 5.6. Processing: dealing with compressed, obfuscated and encrypted data
+
+        pass
+
+
+
+    ##############################
+    ### 6. Expression language
+    ##############################
+
+
+    def testBasicDataTypes(self):
+        """Handle basic data types."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.1. Basic data types
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field1
+    type: u1
+  - id: field2
+    type: u2
+  - id: field4
+    type: u4
+  - id: field8
+    type: u8
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x02\x04\x04\x04\x04\x08\x08\x08\x08\x08\x08\x08\x08')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field1.range.length, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field2.range.length, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field4.range.length, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field8.range.length, 8)
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field1
+    type: u1
+  - id: field4
+    type: u4le
+  - id: field4bis
+    type: u4be
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x02\x03\x04\x05')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field1.value, 0x01)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field4.value, 0x05040302)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field4bis.value, 0x02030405)
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+instances:
+  number1:
+    value: 0xdead_cafe
+  number2:
+    value: 0xdead_cafe_dead_cafe
+  number3:
+    value: 12_345_678
+  number4:
+    value: 0b10100011
+  number5:
+    value: 0b1010_0011_1010_0011
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.number1.value, 0xdeadcafe)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.number2.value, 0xdeadcafedeadcafe)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.number3.value, 12345678)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.number4.value, 0b10100011)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.number5.value, 0b1010001110100011)
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: op0
+    type: u1
+instances:
+  result:
+    value: 0xdeadcafe + op0
+  result2:
+    value: 0XdeadCAFE + op0
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x00')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result.value, 0xdeadcafe)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result2.value, 0xdeadcafe)
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+instances:
+  bytes1:
+    value: []
+  bytes2:
+    value: [ ]
+  bytes3:
+    value: [ 0x90 ]
+  bytes4:
+    value: [foo, 0, A, 0xa, 42]
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.bytes1.value, b'')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.bytes2.value, b'')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.bytes3.value, b'\x90')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.bytes4.value, b'\x66\x6f\x6f\x00\x41\x0a\x2a')
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+instances:
+  escaped:
+    value: '[ "\\a\\b\\t\\n\\v\\f", "\\0", 0, " \\r\\e\\\"\\123" ]'
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.escaped.value, b'\x07\x08\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x00\x00 \x0d\x1b\x22\x53')
+
+
+        definitions_0 = r'''
+instances:
+  escaped:
+    value: "[ \"\\a\\b\\t\\n\\v\\f\", \"\\0\", 0, \"\\r\\e\\\"'\\123\" ]"
+'''
+
+        definitions_1 = r'''
+instances:
+  escaped:
+    value: [ "\\a\\b\\t\\n\\v\\f", "\\0", 0, "\\r\\e\\\"'\\123" ]
+'''
+
+        definitions_2 = '''
+instances:
+  escaped:
+    value: [ "\\\\a\\\\b\\\\t\\\\n\\\\v\\\\f", "\\\\0", 0, "\\\\r\\\\e\\\\\\"'\\\\123" ]
+'''
+
+        for d in [ definitions_0, definitions_1, definitions_2 ]:
+
+            content = MemoryContent(b'')
+
+            kstruct = KaitaiStruct(d)
+
+            parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+            self.assertEqual(parsed.escaped.value, b'\x07\x08\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x00\x00\x0d\x1b\x22\x27\x53')
+
+
+    def __passed__testUserDefinedTypes(self):
+        """Create user-defined types."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.2.1. User-defined types
+
+        pass
+
+
+    def testArrays(self):
+        """Create various arrays."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.2.2. Arrays
+
+        definitions = '''
+instances:
+  result_0:
+    value: "[]"
+  result_1:
+    value: "[CAFE, 0, BABE]"
+  result_2:
+    value: "[CAFE, 0, BABE] == 'CAFE' + [ 0x00 ] + 'BABE'"
+  result_3:
+    value: "[CAFE, 0, BABE] == [ 0x43, 0x41, 0x46, 0x45, 0x00, 0x42, 0x41, 0x42, 0x45 ]"
+  result_4:
+    value: "[foo, 0, A, 0xa, 42] == [ 0x66, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x00, 0x41, 0x0a, 0x2a ]"
+  result_5:
+    value: "[1, 0x55, '▒,3', 3] == [ 0x01, 0x55, 0xe2, 0x96, 0x92, 0x2c, 0x33, 0x03 ]"
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_0.value, b'')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_1.value, b'CAFE\x00BABE')
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: indexes
+    type: u1
+    repeat: eos
+instances:
+  table:
+    value: "[ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8, 9 ] ]"
+  ref:
+    value: indexes
+  result_0:
+    value: table
+  result_1:
+    value: ref
+  result_2:
+    value: table[indexes[0]][indexes[1] - 1]
+  result_3:
+    value: table[indexes[0]][ref[1]]
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x03\x04')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_0.value.value, b'\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09')
+
+        self.assertEqual(type(parsed.result_1).__name__, 'RecordValue')            # result_1
+        self.assertEqual(type(parsed.result_1.value).__name__, 'RecordValue')      # result_1.ref
+        self.assertEqual(type(parsed.result_1.value.value).__name__, 'RecordList') # result_1.ref.table
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_1.value.value[3].value, 0x04)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_2.value, 5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_3.value, 6)
+
+
+    def testArithmeticOperators(self):
+        """Compute with arithmetic operators."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.3.1. Arithmetic operators
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: op0
+    type: u1
+  - id: op1
+    type: u1
+instances:
+  result_0:
+    value: op0 + op1 * 3
+  result_1:
+    value: (2 + op0) * op1
+  result_2:
+    value: 7 * 2.0
+  result_3:
+    value: 7 / 2.0
+  result_4:
+    value: -5 % 3
+  result_5:
+    value: 4 % 3
+  result_6:
+    value: 6 - 3 - -4.0
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x02\x03\x04\x05')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_0.value, 11)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_1.value, 12)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_2.value, 14.0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_3.value, 3.5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_4.value, 1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_5.value, 1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_6.value, 7.0)
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: base
+    size: 3
+instances:
+  result_0:
+    value: "'xXx ' + base + ' -- %< --'"
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'ABC')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_0.value, b'xXx ABC -- %< --')
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: nums
+    type: u1
+    repeat: eos
+instances:
+  computed:
+    value: nums[0] + nums[3]
+  computed2:
+    value: nums[0] * nums.size + nums[3]
+  computed3:
+    value: nums[0] * nums[nums.size - 1]
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x03\x04')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.computed.value, 5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.computed2.value, 8)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.computed3.value, 4)
+
+
+    def testRelationalOperators(self):
+        """Compute with relational operators."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.3.2. Relational operators
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: op0
+    type: u1
+  - id: op1
+    type: u1
+  - id: op2
+    size: 3
+instances:
+  result0:
+    value: op0 == op1
+  result1:
+    value: op0 != op1
+  result2:
+    value: op2 == 'ABC'
+  result3:
+    value: op2 < 'ABCD'
+  result4:
+    value: (op0 + 1) >= op1
+  result5:
+    value: "(op0 + 1) == 'ABC'.length"
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x02\x03ABCD')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertFalse(parsed.result0.value)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result1.value)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result2.value)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result3.value)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result4.value)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result5.value)
+
+
+    def testBitwiseOperators(self):
+        """Compute with bitwise operators."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.3.3. Bitwise operators
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: op0
+    type: u1
+  - id: op1
+    type: u1
+  - id: op2
+    type: u1
+instances:
+  result_0:
+    value: op0 & op1
+  result_1:
+    value: op1 << op0 >> 1
+  result_2:
+    value: (op2 | 0x80) >> 1
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x02\x07\x01')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_0.value, 0x2)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_1.value, 14)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_2.value, 0x40)
+
+
+    def testLogicalOperators(self):
+        """Compute with logical boolean operators."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.3.4. Logical (boolean) operators
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: op0
+    type: u1
+  - id: op1
+    type: u1
+instances:
+  result_0:
+    value: (op0 > 0) and not false
+  result_1:
+    value: op0 == 1 or op1 == 2
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result_0.value)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result_1.value)
+
+
+    def testTernaryOperator(self):
+        """Offer challenges to the ternary operator."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.3.5. Ternary (if-then-else) operator
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: op0
+    type: u1
+  - id: op1
+    type: u1
+  - id: op2
+    type: u1
+instances:
+  result_0:
+    value: 'op0 == 0x80 ? op1 + 1 : op1 * op2'
+  result_1:
+    value: 'op0 < 0x80 ? op1 + 1 : op1 * op2'
+  result_1:
+    value: 'op0 < 0x80 ? op1 + 1 : op1 * op2'
+  result_2:
+    value: '(op0 + 0x10) >= 0x90 ? true : 123'
+  result_3:
+    value: '(op0 + 0x10) >= 0x90 and false ? true : 123'
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x80\x03\x04')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_0.value, 4)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_1.value, 12)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result_2.value)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_3.value, 123)
+
+
+    def testIntegersMethods(self):
+        """Run methods from integers."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.4.1. Integers
+
+        definitions = '''
+instances:
+  bytes1:
+    value: 123.to_s == "123" and -123.to_s == '-123'
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.bytes1.value)
+
+
+    def testFloatsMethods(self):
+        """Run methods from floating numbers."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.4.2. Floating point numbers
+
+        definitions = '''
+instances:
+  result_0:
+    value: 2.32.to_i == 2 and -7.0.to_i == -7
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result_0.value)
+
+
+    def XXXtestByteArraysAndStringsMethods(self):
+        """Run methods from byte arrays and strings."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.4.3. Byte arrays
+        #     6.4.4. Strings
+
+        definitions = '''
+instances:
+  result_1:
+    value: '[].length == 0'
+  result_2:
+    value: "'edcba'.reverse == 'XXabcdeXX'.substring(2, 6)"
+  result_3:
+    value: "'123'.to_i == 123 and '-123'.to_i == -123"
+  result_4:
+    value: "[ 0x50, 0x72, 0x65, 0x73, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x61, 0x63, 0x69, 0xc3, 0xb3, 0x6e, 0x2e, 0x73, 0x78, 0x69 ].to_s('utf-8')"
+  result_5:
+    value: "'1010'.to_i(2) == 10 and 'cc'.to_i(16) == 204"
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result_1.value)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result_2.value)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result_3.value)
+
+        # Cf. https://docs.gtk.org/glib/character-set.html
+        #     https://developer-old.gnome.org/glib/stable/glib-Character-Set-Conversion.html#g-convert
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_4.value.decode('utf-8'), 'Presentación.sxi')
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result_5.value)
+
+
+    def __passed__testEnumsMethods(self):
+        """Run methods from booleans."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.4.5. Enums
+
+        pass
+
+
+    def testBooleansMethods(self):
+        """Run methods from booleans."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.4.6. Booleans
+
+        definitions = '''
+instances:
+  result_0:
+    value: true.to_i == 1
+  result_1:
+    value: (1 == 2).to_i == 0
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result_0.value)
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.result_1.value)
+
+
+    def testUserDefinedTypes(self):
+        """Retrieve user-defined types."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.4.7. User-defined types
+
+        definitions = '''
+instances:
+  result_0:
+    value: _root
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.result_0.value, parsed)
+
+
+    def __passed__testArraysMethods(self):
+        """Run methods from arrays."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.4.8. Array types
+
+        pass
+
+
+    def __passed__testStreamsMethods(self):
+        """Run methods from streams."""
+
+        # Cf. 6.4.9. Streams
+
+        pass
+
+
+
+    ##############################
+    ### 7. Advanced techniques
+    ##############################
+
+
+    def testSwitchOverStrings(self):
+        """Switch over strings."""
+
+        # Cf. 7.1.1. Switching over strings
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: rec_type
+    type: strz
+  - id: body
+    type:
+      switch-on: rec_type
+      cases:
+        '"KETCHUP"': rec_type_1
+        '"MUSTARD"': rec_type_2
+        '"GUACAMOLE"': rec_type_3
+types:
+  rec_type_1:
+    instances:
+      direct:
+        value: 1
+  rec_type_2:
+    instances:
+      direct:
+        value: 2
+  rec_type_3:
+    instances:
+      direct:
+        value: 3
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'GUACAMOLE\x00')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.rec_type.value, b'GUACAMOLE')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.body.direct.value, 3)
+
+
+    def testSwitchOverEnums(self):
+        """Switch over enumerations."""
+
+        # Cf. 7.1.2. Switching over enums
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: rec_type
+    type: u1
+    enum: media
+  - id: body
+    type:
+      switch-on: rec_type
+      cases:
+        'media::cdrom': rec_type_1
+        'media::dvdrom': rec_type_2
+        'media::cassette': rec_type_3
+types:
+  rec_type_1:
+    instances:
+      direct:
+        value: 1
+  rec_type_2:
+    instances:
+      direct:
+        value: 2
+  rec_type_3:
+    instances:
+      direct:
+        value: 3
+enums:
+  media:
+    1: cdrom
+    2: dvdrom
+    3: cassette
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.rec_type.value, 1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.body.direct.value, 1)
+
+
+    def testFourCC(self):
+        """Recognize four character code."""
+
+        # Cf. 7.1.3. FourCC
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: fourcc
+    type: u4le
+    enum: pixel_formats
+  - id: len
+    type: u1
+  - id: body
+    size: len
+    type:
+      switch-on: fourcc
+      cases:
+        'pixel_formats::rgb2': block_rgb2
+        'pixel_formats::rle4': block_rle4
+        'pixel_formats::rle8': block_rle8
+types:
+  block_rgb2:
+    instances:
+      direct:
+        value: 2
+  block_rle4:
+    instances:
+      direct:
+        value: 4
+  block_rle8:
+    instances:
+      direct:
+        value: 8
+enums:
+  pixel_formats:
+    0x32424752: rgb2
+    0x34454C52: rle4
+    0x38454C52: rle8
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'RLE4\x05ABCDE')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.fourcc.value, 0x34454C52)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.len.value, 0x5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.body.direct.value, 4)
+
+
+    def testNothing(self):
+        """Do nothing."""
+
+        # Cf. 7.2. Do nothing
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field_0
+    size: 1
+  - id: field_1
+    type: dummy_1
+  - id: field_2
+    type: dummy_2
+  - id: field_3
+    type: dummy_3
+  - id: field_4
+    type: dummy_4
+  - id: field_5
+    size: 1
+types:
+  # One can use empty JSON object syntax to avoid specifying any of
+  # `seq`, `instances`, etc, sections.
+  dummy_1: {}
+  # One can use explicit doc to note that there's nothing there.
+  dummy_2:
+    doc: This type is intentionally left blank.
+  # One can use empty `seq` or `instances` or `types` section, any
+  # other empty sections, or any combination of thereof.
+  dummy_3:
+    seq: []
+    instances: {}
+    types: {}
+  # One can use a very explicit notion of the fact that we want to parse 0 bytes.
+  dummy_4:
+    seq:
+      - id: no_value
+        size: 0
+'''
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'az')
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field_0.value, b'a')
+
+        self.assertEqual(type(parsed.field_1).__name__, 'RecordEmpty')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field_1.range.length, 0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(type(parsed.field_2).__name__, 'RecordEmpty')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field_2.range.length, 0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(type(parsed.field_3).__name__, 'RecordEmpty')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field_3.range.length, 0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(type(parsed.field_4.no_value).__name__, 'RecordEmpty')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field_4.no_value.range.length, 0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field_5.value, b'z')
+
+
+    def testConsumeIncludeTerminators(self):
+        """Consume and/or include terminators."""
+
+        # Cf. 7.3.1. Terminator: consume or include?
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: str1
+    type: str
+    terminator: 0x2e # `.`
+  - id: str2
+    type: str
+    terminator: 0x2e # `.`
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'foo.bar.')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.str1.value, b'foo')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.str2.value, b'bar')
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: str1
+    type: str
+    terminator: 0x2e # `.`
+    include: true
+  - id: str2
+    type: str
+    terminator: 0x2e # `.`
+    eos-error: false
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'foo.bar')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.str1.value, b'foo.')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.str2.value, b'bar')
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: str1
+    type: str
+    terminator: 0x2e # `.`
+    consume: false
+  - id: the_rest
+    type: str
+    size-eos: true
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'foo.bar.')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.str1.value, b'foo')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.the_rest.value, b'.bar.')
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: str1
+    type: str
+    terminator: .
+  - id: the_rest
+    type: str
+    size-eos: true
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'foo.bar.')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.str1.value, b'foo')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.the_rest.value, b'bar.')
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: str1
+    type: str
+    terminator: xxx.
+  - id: the_rest
+    type: str
+    size-eos: true
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'fooxxx.bar.')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.str1.value, b'foo')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.the_rest.value, b'bar.')
+
+
+    def testIgnoreErrorsInDelimitedStructures(self):
+        """Ignore errors in delimited structures."""
+
+        # Cf. 7.3.2. Ignoring errors in delimited structures
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: my_string
+    type: str
+    terminator: 0
+    eos-error: false
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x61\x62\x63\x00\x64\x65\x66')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.my_string.value, b'abc')
+
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x61\x62\x63\x00')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.my_string.value, b'abc')
+
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x61\x62\x63')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.my_string.value, b'abc')
+
+
+    def __passed__testImportTypesFromOtherFiles(self):
+        """Import types from other files."""
+
+        # Cf. 7.4. Importing types from other files
+
+        pass
+
+
+    def __passed__testPlugExternalCodeForOpaqueTypes(self):
+        """Plug external code for opaque types."""
+
+        # Cf. 7.5. Opaque types: plugging in external code
+
+        pass
+
+
+    def __passed__testCustomProcessingRoutines(self):
+        """Handle custom processing routines."""
+
+        # Cf. 7.6. Custom processing routines
+
+        pass
+
+
+    def __passed__testParentTypeEnforcing(self):
+        """Enforce parent type."""
+
+        # Cf. 7.7. Enforcing parent type
+
+        pass
+
+
+    def testTypecasting(self):
+        """Ensure there is no need for typecasting."""
+
+        # Cf. 7.8. Typecasting
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: num_sections
+    type: u1
+  - id: sections
+    type: section
+    repeat: expr
+    repeat-expr: num_sections
+types:
+  section:
+    seq:
+      - id: sect_type
+        type: u1
+      - id: body
+        type:
+          switch-on: sect_type
+          cases:
+            1: sect_header
+            2: sect_color_data
+  sect_header:
+    seq:
+      - id: width
+        type: u1
+      - id: height
+        type: u1
+  sect_color_data:
+    seq:
+      - id: rgb
+        size: 3
+instances:
+  check_0:
+    value: sections[0].body.width * sections[0].body.height
+  check_1:
+    value: sections[1].body.rgb
+  check_2:
+    value: sections[2].body.width * sections[2].body.height
+  check_3:
+    value: sections[3].body.rgb
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x04\x01\x02\x04\x02ABC\x01\x03\x05\x02UVW')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        # Vérifications externes
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.num_sections.value, 4)
+
+        self.assertEqual(len(parsed.sections), 4)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.sections[0].body.width.value + parsed.sections[0].body.height.value, 6)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.sections[1].body.rgb.value, b'ABC')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.sections[2].body.width.value + parsed.sections[2].body.height.value, 8)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.sections[3].body.rgb.value, b'UVW')
+
+        # Vérifications internes
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.check_0.value, 8)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.check_1.value.value, b'ABC')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.check_2.value, 15)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.check_3.value.value, b'UVW')
+
+
+
+    ##########################
+    ### 8. Common pitfalls
+    ##########################
+
+
+    def testReadTypeWithSubstream(self):
+        """Read user-type with substream."""
+
+        # Cf. 8.1. Specifying size creates a substream
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: header
+    size: 4
+  - id: block
+    type: block
+    size: 4 # <= important size designation, creates a substream
+instances:
+  byte_3:
+    pos: 3
+    type: u1
+types:
+  block:
+    instances:
+      byte_3:
+        pos: 3
+        type: u1
+      byte_3_alt:
+        io: _root._io # <= thanks to this, always points to a byte in main stream
+        pos: 3
+        type: u1
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.header.value, b'\x00\x01\x02\x03')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.byte_3.value, 0x03)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.block.byte_3.value, 0x07)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.block.byte_3_alt.value, 0x03)
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: header
+    size: 4
+  - id: block
+    type: block
+instances:
+  byte_3:
+    pos: 3
+    type: u1
+types:
+  block:
+    instances:
+      byte_3:
+        pos: 3
+        type: u1
+      byte_3_alt:
+        io: _root._io # <= thanks to this, always points to a byte in main stream
+        pos: 3
+        type: u1
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.header.value, b'\x00\x01\x02\x03')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.byte_3.value, 0x03)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.block.byte_3.value, 0x03)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.block.byte_3_alt.value, 0x03)
+
+
+    def testReadTypeWithoutSubstream(self):
+        """Read user-type without substream."""
+
+        # Cf. 8.2. Not specifying size does not create a substream
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: header
+    size: 2
+  - id: block_as_type1
+    type: type1
+    size: 2 # <= important, creates a substream
+types:
+  type1:
+    seq:
+      - id: val1
+        size: 2
+  type2:
+    seq:
+      - id: val2
+        size: 2
+instances:
+  block_as_type2:
+    io: block_as_type1._io
+    pos: 0
+    type: type2
+  internal_check:
+    value: block_as_type2._io == _root._io
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'aabb')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.header.value, b'aa')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.block_as_type1.val1.value, b'bb')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.block_as_type2.val2.value, b'bb')
+
+        self.assertFalse(parsed.internal_check.value)
+
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: header
+    size: 2
+  - id: block_as_type1
+    type: type1
+types:
+  type1:
+    seq:
+      - id: val1
+        size: 2
+  type2:
+    seq:
+      - id: val2
+        size: 2
+instances:
+  block_as_type2:
+    io: block_as_type1._io
+    pos: 0
+    type: type2
+  internal_check:
+    value: block_as_type2._io == _root._io
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'aabb')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.header.value, b'aa')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.block_as_type1.val1.value, b'bb')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.block_as_type2.val2.value, b'aa')
+
+        self.assertTrue(parsed.internal_check.value)
+
+
+    def __passed__testSizedProcess(self):
+        """Provide a sized data to processing."""
+
+        # Cf. 8.3. Applying process without a size
+
+        pass
+
+
+    def __passed__testRelatedKeys(self):
+        """Check refering keys and their related YAML nodes."""
+
+        # Cf. 8.4. Keys relating to the whole array and to each element in repeated attributes
+
+        pass
+
+
+
+    #######################
+    ### x. Extra checks
+    #######################
+
+
+    def testMssingField(self):
+        """Raise error on missing field."""
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: field0
+    size-eos: true
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\x01\x02\x02\x03')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(parsed)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.creator.raw_id, 'field0')
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.field0.value, b'\x01\x02\x02\x03')
+
+        # AttributeError: 'pychrysalide.plugins.kaitai.records.RecordList' object has no attribute 'xxxx'
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, "object has no attribute 'xxxx'"):
+            print(parsed.xxxx)
+
+
+    def testLEB128Values(self):
+        """Read some Little Endian Base 128 values."""
+
+        definitions = '''
+seq:
+  - id: groups
+    type: group
+    repeat: until
+    repeat-until: not _.has_next
+types:
+  group:
+    -webide-representation: '{value}'
+    doc: |
+      One byte group, clearly divided into 7-bit "value" chunk and 1-bit "continuation" flag.
+    seq:
+      - id: b
+        type: u1
+    instances:
+      has_next:
+        value: (b & 0b1000_0000) != 0
+        doc: If true, then we have more bytes to read
+      value:
+        value: b & 0b0111_1111
+        doc: The 7-bit (base128) numeric value chunk of this group
+instances:
+  len:
+    value: groups.size
+  value:
+    value: >-
+      groups[0].value
+      + (len >= 2 ? (groups[1].value << 7) : 0)
+      + (len >= 3 ? (groups[2].value << 14) : 0)
+      + (len >= 4 ? (groups[3].value << 21) : 0)
+      + (len >= 5 ? (groups[4].value << 28) : 0)
+      + (len >= 6 ? (groups[5].value << 35) : 0)
+      + (len >= 7 ? (groups[6].value << 42) : 0)
+      + (len >= 8 ? (groups[7].value << 49) : 0)
+    doc: Resulting unsigned value as normal integer
+  sign_bit:
+    value: '1 << (7 * len - 1)'
+  value_signed:
+    value: '(value ^ sign_bit) - sign_bit'
+    doc-ref: https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#VariableSignExtend
+'''
+
+        kstruct = KaitaiStruct(definitions)
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\xe5\x8e\x26')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.len.value, 3)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.value.value, parsed.value_signed.value)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.value.value, 624485)
+
+
+        content = MemoryContent(b'\xc0\xbb\x78')
+
+        parsed = kstruct.parse(content)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.len.value, 3)
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(parsed.value.value, parsed.value_signed.value)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.value_signed.value, -123456)